As a dog owner, it’s never easy to watch a companion struggle with pain. Most cases of chronic inflammation turn life into a tough journey for cute pups. It brings discomfort, reduces mobility, and dims their natural spark. Fortunately, the rise of CBD in veterinary care offers promising new ways to manage this condition. Research shows CBD provides safe, effective relief without the downsides of heavy medications (Lima, T., et al., 2022; Verrico, C., et al., 2020; Boehnke, K., & Clauw, D., 2019). One study concluded that “CBD oil (2 mg/kg twice daily) significantly decreases pain and increases activity in dogs with osteoarthritis, with no reported side effects,” (Gamble, L., et al., 2018).
So how does CBD work as a pain reliever? That’s what this article is going to discuss. It covers how CBD treatment stacks up against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), its anti-inflammatory properties, and what pet owners need to know about dosage, efficacy, and safety.
What is Chronic Inflammation in Dogs?
Chronic inflammation is like an immune system alarm that won’t shut off. It’s the body’s way of defending itself, but when it gets stuck in “attack mode,” it leads to issues like chronic pain and joint pain.
Factors Contributing to Chronic Inflammation in Dogs
Several factors contribute to chronic inflammation in dogs, some are listed below.
- Autoimmune diseases: The immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, leading to constant pain and inflammation. Research showed that “Epigenetic modifications are central pathophysiological factors in autoimmune/inflammatory diseases along the inflammatory spectrum, contributing to chronic inflammation,” (Surace, A., & Hedrich, C., 2019).
- Allergies: Exaggerated immune responses to substances like pollen or certain foods cause inflammation of the skin, respiratory, and digestive systems. Studies suggest that allergies play a significant role in chronic inflammation in dogs, particularly through mechanisms involving immune dysregulation, cytokine production, and allergen-specific responses (Majewska, A., Gajewska, M., & Dembele, K., 2023; Hill, P., & Olivry, T., 2001).
- Infections: Lingering infections (think ear or skin infections) trigger chronic inflammatory responses. A case report stated, “Bacterial infections of joints produce an inflammatory arthropathy in dogs, with acute onset cases and chronic local grade infection syndromes,” (Bennett, D., & Taylor, D., 1988).
- Obesity: Excess fat releases pro-inflammatory mediators, which stress the joints and lead to chronic conditions like osteoarthritis. Research showed that “Obesity and improper coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to the initiation and progression of obesity-associated osteoarthritis, with macrophages playing a significant role in joint inflammation,” (Nedunchezhiyan, U., et al., 2022).
- Aging: As dogs get older, they often experience an uptick in inflammatory responses due to less efficient immune systems. An animal trial showed that “Aging in dogs is characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation, with less drastic amplification of IL-6 concentration in the geriatric population compared to puppies,” (Jiménez, A., et al., 2020).
Conventional Treatments vs. CBD for Dogs with Chronic Inflammation
Traditionally, chronic inflammation is managed with medications like NSAIDs, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants. While these provide relief, they often bring unwanted side effects, such as those discussed below.
- Gastrointestinal upset: Diarrhea or vomiting after medication is common.
- Liver enzyme imbalances: Certain medications affect the liver, so regular blood work is required to monitor liver enzymes.
- Kidney strain: Long-term NSAID use is linked to renal failure in some dogs.
This is where CBD products come in. Many pet owners and researchers are now looking at CBD as a gentler, natural alternative or support with fewer side effects and long-term benefits.
What is CBD for Dogs with Chronic Inflammation and How Does it Work?
CBD, or cannabidiol, is derived from the hemp plant, a strain of cannabis with less than 0.3% THC, making it safe for dogs. It interacts with the dog’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is responsible for regulating everything from pain control to immune system responses and even mood. CBD specifically targets CB1 and CB2 receptors in the ECS, helping reduce pro-inflammatory mediators and ease discomfort.
Key Benefits of CBD Oil in Dogs for Dogs with Chronic Inflammation
CBD oil has quickly become a go-to natural remedy for dog owners looking to manage their pets’ chronic conditions. Its key benefits for dogs with chronic inflammation are listed below.
- Pain Management: Many pet owners are turning to CBD oil for managing chronic pain in dogs, particularly those with osteoarthritis and other mobility-affecting diseases. CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) to help alleviate pain and reduce reliance on traditional painkillers (Mlost, J., Wąsik, A., & Starowicz, K., 2019).
- Anti-Inflammatory Properties: CBD is noted for its anti-inflammatory effects, potentially reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to swelling and pain (Henshaw, F., et al., 2021). This is beneficial for dogs with autoimmune disorders or arthritis, as it may help balance immune responses and lessen chronic inflammation.
- Improved Mobility: By alleviating joint pain and inflammation, CBD oil can enhance mobility in dogs suffering from conditions like osteoarthritis (Verrico, C., et al., 2020). Pet owners often notice improvements in their dogs’ ability to engage in daily activities.
- Anxiety Reduction: CBD may also help reduce anxiety in dogs experiencing chronic pain, aiding in restoring their typical temperament and reducing stress-related behaviors Gregorio, D., et al., 2018). It offers a natural approach to promoting mental well-being in pets.
- Reduction in Other Medications: CBD may lessen the need for traditional medications like NSAIDs, which can have long-term side effects. This reduction minimizes risks associated with these medications and offers a holistic alternative for pain management without interfering with most treatment plans.
Ready to give it a try?
Clinical Trials & Research on CBD for Dogs with Chronic Inflammation
Research on CBD use for dogs is advancing, and early findings from clinical studies and preclinical models are encouraging. Preliminary studies focused on canine osteoarthritis concluded that CBD, especially liposomal formulations, shows the potential to reduce pain and increase mobility in dogs with osteoarthritis, with no significant adverse effects observed (Halpert, M., et al., 2020).
Other studies showed that CBD helps reduce seizure frequency in dogs when combined with traditional treatments for epilepsy, offering an additional layer of support (McGrath, S., et al., 2019). While research is still in progress, these early results highlight CBD’s potential as a supportive option for managing various health issues in dogs, particularly for those dealing with pain, inflammation, and chronic conditions.
How to Choose the Right CBD Product for A Dog with Chronic Inflammation
With so many CBD products on the market, how does a pet parent choose the right one? Some key things to look for are presented below.
- Full-Spectrum CBD Oil: This includes all beneficial compounds from the cannabis plant, offering what’s known as the “entourage effect”—basically, all the plant parts working together to deliver the best possible effect.
- Third-Party Lab Testing: Look for products that have been tested for potency and purity with a Certificate of Analysis (COA). This ensures a pet parent is giving their pet a safe product free from contaminants.
- Dog-Specific Formulations: Not all CBD is created equal. Make sure the product is specifically formulated for pets to avoid ingredients that harm them, like xylitol or certain essential oils.
- Organic Sourcing: Hemp absorbs whatever’s in the soil, so organically grown plants are less likely to contain harmful chemicals.
For more detailed tips and instructions, click here.
Dosage and Administration: How Much CBD Oil is Given to a Dog with Chronic Inflammation?
Determining how much CBD oil a dog needs is a bit tricky. Some factors to consider are listed below.
- Start Low and Go Slow: Begin with a low dose (about 0.2 mg per pound of body weight) and adjust based on how a dog responds.
- Consistency is Key: Give the CBD at the same time every day to maintain stable levels in the dog’s system.
- Watch for Side Effects: While oral cannabidiol administration is generally safe, some dogs experience mild side effects like drowsiness or a dry mouth. Lower the dose if these are noticed.
Talking to The Vet About CBD for Dogs with Chronic Inflammation
Always consult the dog’s attending vet before starting CBD, especially if a dog is on other medications. CBD interacts with liver enzymes (like cytochrome P450) that process certain drugs, potentially altering their effects. A quick chat with the dog’s vet ensures the dog is on the right path and helps avoid any unwanted interactions.
Potential Side Effects of CBD Oil for Dogs
While CBD treatment is generally considered safe, some dogs experience mild side effects.
- Drowsiness: CBD’s calming effects lead to slight drowsiness, especially at higher doses, making dogs a bit more relaxed than usual.
- Dry Mouth: CBD reduces saliva production, potentially causing mild dry mouth, which leads to increased thirst.
- Digestive Upset: A small number of dogs experience stomach issues, such as slight nausea or loose stools, particularly when first starting CBD.
These effects are usually temporary and are minimized by starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it as the dog adjusts. Consulting a veterinarian also helps tailor the dosage to avoid or reduce these minor side effects.
Future Studies and the Potential of CBD in Veterinary Science
As research continues, veterinary science is eagerly exploring CBD for dogs. Future studies provide deeper insights into how CBD administration impacts immune cells, pro-inflammatory responses, and conditions like chronic inflammation. From placebo-controlled trials to clinical efficacy evaluations, data availability statements in veterinary science journals are packed with promising results that drive novel therapeutic approaches for managing pain in dogs.
Conclusion
CBD oil offers a natural and potentially effective solution with fewer side effects than traditional pain relief methods for dogs dealing with chronic inflammation and pain. Research suggests that cannabinoids are useful in a comprehensive approach to chronic pain management (Boehnke, K., & Clauw, D., 2019).
CBD helps with conditions like osteoarthritis and intractable idiopathic epilepsy, improving the overall quality of life for pets. If a pet parent is considering CBD for a dog, it’s important to use a reputable product and consult the dog’s veterinarian. Start with a low dose and monitor the dog’s response, as many pet owners have seen their dogs regain their playful spirit with CBD oil.
Get a dog started on a CBD journey and see the results for yourself.
References
- Bennett, D., & Taylor, D. (1988). Bacterial infective arthritis in the dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 29, 207-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1748-5827.1988.TB02278.X.
- Boehnke, K., & Clauw, D. (2019). Brief Commentary: Cannabinoid Dosing for Chronic Pain Management. Annals of Internal Medicine, 170, 118. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-2972.
- Gamble, L., Boesch, J., Frye, C., Schwark, W., Mann, S., Wolfe, L., Brown, H., Berthelsen, E., & Wakshlag, J. (2018). Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00165.
- Gregorio, D., McLaughlin, R., Posa, L., Ochoa-Sanchez, R., Enns, J., López-Canul, M., Aboud, M., Maione, S., Comai, S., & Gobbi, G. (2018). Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain. Pain, 160, 136 – 150. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001386.
- Halpert, M., Verrico, C., Wesson, S., Konduri, V., Hofferek, C., Vazquez-Perez, J., Blair, E., Dunner, K., Salimpour, P., & Decker, W. (2020). A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Daily Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Canine Osteoarthritis. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.67.11.
- Henshaw, F., Dewsbury, L., Lim, C., & Steiner, G. (2021). The Effects of Cannabinoids on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Cannabis and cannabinoid research. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2020.0105.
- Jiménez, A., Downs, C., Lalwani, S., & Cipolli, W. (2020). Cellular metabolism and IL-6 concentrations during stimulated inflammation in small and large dog breeds’ primary fibroblasts cells, as they age. The Journal of Experimental Biology. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.233734.
- Lima, T., Santiago, N., Alves, E., Chaves, D., & Visacri, M. (2022). Use of cannabis in the treatment of animals: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Animal Health Research Reviews, 23, 25 – 38. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252321000189.
- Majewska, A., Gajewska, M., & Dembele, K. (2023). Effect of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy on Transcriptomic Changes in Canine Atopic Dermatitis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411616.
- McGrath, S., Bartner, L., Rao, S., Packer, R., & Gustafson, D. (2019). Randomized blinded controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of oral cannabidiol administration in addition to conventional antiepileptic treatment on seizure frequency in dogs with intractable idiopathic epilepsy.. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 254 11, 1301-1308. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.254.11.1301.
- Mlost, J., Wąsik, A., & Starowicz, K. (2019). Role of the endocannabinoid system in dopamine signaling within the reward circuits affected by chronic pain. Pharmacological Research, 143, 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.029.
- Nedunchezhiyan, U., Varughese, I., Sun, A., Wu, X., Crawford, R., & Prasadam, I. (2022). Obesity, Inflammation, and Immune System in Osteoarthritis. Frontiers in Immunology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.907750.
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- Verrico, C., Wesson, S., Konduri, V., Hofferek, C., Vazquez-Perez, J., Blair, E., Dunner, K., Salimpour, P., Decker, W., & Halpert, M. (2020). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain. Pain. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001896.