CBD for Cats with Leukemia: A Holistic Approach

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a tough diagnosis for any cat owner to hear. This retrovirus causes various fatal diseases in cats, including tumors, bone marrow disorders, and immunosuppression. While there is currently no definitive treatment for FeLV, and existing vaccines reduce progressive infections but do not prevent regressive infections (Moll, G., Swenson, C., & Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, V., 2023), many cat parents are exploring holistic approaches—like CBD oil—to improve their cats’ quality of life and ease some of the symptoms associated with the disease.

This article explores the implications of the Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) for beloved cats and discusses how cat CBD oil, along with other natural remedies, significantly improves the well-being of cats suffering from leukemia and related health challenges.

Understanding Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is recognized as one of the predominant causes of severe illness in cats globally. An observational study conducted across several European countries revealed varying prevalence rates of FeLV: 21.2% in Italy, 20.4% in Portugal, 9.5% in Germany, and 9.3% in France (Giselbrecht, J., et al., 2023). In the United States, the prevalence of feline infections shows geographical differences, indicating the existence of unidentified risk factors. Specifically, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) appears to be more common in the southern and eastern regions, while FeLV is found to be more prevalent in the western states (Chhetri, B., et al., 2013). 

FeLV spreads primarily through close contact among cats, including grooming and sharing food. Infected queens also transmit the virus to their kittens. FeLV enters the body through the oropharynx, replicating in lymphoid tissue and subsequently spreading to organs like the spleen and bone marrow 

Once the bone marrow is infected, viremia (virus in the blood) develops within weeks, with viremic cats shedding the virus in saliva, feces, milk, and urine. While many cats overcome transient viremia, those who do not mount an adequate immune response develop persistent viremia, leading to progressive and often fatal disease (Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2024; St Denis, 2022; Bolin, L., et al., 2013).

Typical symptoms of FeLV include mild fever, lethargy, swollen lymph nodes, and decreased blood cell counts (Hartmann, K., 2012). 

Recognizing the Symptoms of Feline Leukemia

The symptoms of FeLV are either subtle or severe, making it tricky to catch early. Listed below are what cat owners usually notice.

• Pale gums
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Weight loss or appetite loss
• Diarrhea
• Poor coat condition
• Recurrent infections
• Lethargy and fever
• Eye problems
• Breathing difficulties
• Reproductive problems
• Neurological signs

While some of these symptoms overlap with other health conditions, regular vet visits are key for early diagnosis. Blood tests are usually performed to diagnose FeLV, helping pet parents make informed choices about their cat’s care. However, a recent study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association showed that “Incongruent FeLV results in cats with immune-mediated anemia suggest the need for additional tools like pro-virus PCR testing to confirm the diagnosis,” (Robert, L., et al., 2023).

Conventional Treatments for FeLV: The Usual Suspects

Traditional treatments for FeLV focus on managing symptoms rather than curing the virus itself. Common treatment options are listed below.

• Antibiotics: To fend off secondary bacterial infections.
• Steroids: To reduce inflammation that worsens health problems in FeLV-positive cats.
• Antivirals: While not a cure, antivirals slow viral replication, giving the cat’s immune system a fighting chance.
• Chemotherapy: For cases where FeLV leads to cancer, such as lymphoma.
• Blood transfusions: Life-saving in cases of severe FeLV-induced anemia.
• Supportive care: providing nutritional support and managing anemia.

These treatments improve comfort but don’t provide a cure, leading many cat owners to seek complementary therapies like CBD oils.

Benefits of CBD for Cats with FeLV

CBD oil is quickly becoming a go-to option for pet parents looking to enhance the quality of life for cats suffering from feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Below, we’ll dig deeper into each benefit of CBD oil for cats facing the challenges of FeLV, from easing physical discomfort to supporting emotional well-being.

Pain Management

Pain is often an unfortunate reality for cats with FeLV, stemming from inflammation, infections, and even associated conditions like lymphoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Pain limits a cat’s mobility, appetite, and overall joy, reducing their quality of life. CBD acts as a natural analgesic by interacting with the cat’s endocannabinoid system, helping to modulate pain signals. CBD has a complex analgesic effect, acting on G protein-coupled receptors, serotonergic receptors, and enzymes involved in inflammatory factors production in a cat’s body, reducing the sensation of pain without the potentially harsh side effects of conventional pain medications (Kulesza, B., Mazurek, M., & Kurzepa, J., 2023).

For cats with FeLV, this pain relief means engaging more in the activities they love, from play to cuddles, bringing a bit of normalcy back to their lives.

Reducing Inflammation

Inflammation is one of FeLV’s primary side effects, aggravating existing health problems and triggering discomfort. CBD’s powerful anti-inflammatory properties target inflammation at its source, reducing swelling and pain in affected areas. Inflammation from FeLV also leads to complications in the organs and lymph nodes, and reducing this inflammation is key to managing these symptoms.

Additionally, CBD’s anti-inflammatory effects by activating TRPA1 and opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, targeting activated, pro-inflammatory RASF benefit cats suffering from related conditions, such as skin cancer or inflammatory bowel disease, making it a versatile tool for multiple inflammatory conditions (Lowin, T., et al. 2020).

Stimulating Appetite

Cats with FeLV often experience appetite loss and weight loss, which have serious health implications. Weight loss makes it harder for the cat’s immune system to fend off secondary infections, and a lack of appetite also leads to malnutrition and weakness. Paws and Claws cat CBD oil has shown potential as an appetite stimulant, helping FeLV-positive cats feel hungry and encouraging them to eat.

By stimulating appetite, CBD supports healthier body weight and nutritional intake, providing essential energy for the cat’s immune system. CBD’s ability to regulate the digestive tract also alleviates nausea or gastrointestinal issues by activating somatodendritic 5HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus (Parker, L., Rock, E., & Limebeer, C., 2011), encouraging cats further to eat more regularly. 

Stress and Anxiety Relief

Living with a chronic illness leaves any pet feeling anxious, and cats are particularly sensitive to stress. In FeLV-positive cats, the stress of feeling unwell weakens their already compromised immune systems, making them even more susceptible to infections and other complications. CBD is known for its calming effects, promoting a sense of relaxation by interacting with receptors in the brain that regulate mood and anxiety (Austrich-Olivares, A., et al., 2022).

This stress reduction is invaluable for cats with FeLV, as it helps create a calm and soothing environment that supports their overall well-being. A calmer cat is more likely to rest, sleep, and engage with their family—critical factors for improving their mental health.

Immune System Support

While CBD isn’t a cure for FeLV, it plays a valuable role in modulating and balancing the immune system by direct suppression of immune cell activation, induction of apoptosis, and promotion of regulatory cells (Nichols, J., & Kaplan, B., 2020). Cats with FeLV have weakened immune systems, which increases their vulnerability to other infections and diseases, including conditions like mammary cancer or even respiratory infections. The cannabinoids in CBD can help support the immune system’s natural function, giving FeLV-positive cats a better chance at defending against additional health challenges.

CBD has been shown to interact with the immune cells in a way that helps regulate immune responses, potentially aiding FeLV-infected cats in managing the virus. Though it doesn’t eliminate the virus, a balanced immune system slows its progression and improves the cat’s ability to fight secondary infections.

Support Against Tumor Growth

FeLV is associated with a higher risk of certain types of cancers, such as lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Preliminary research suggests that CBD inhibits the growth of cancerous cells by interfering with certain cell receptors involved in tumor formation and blood supply (Elbaz, M., et al., 2015). By limiting tumor growth, CBD offers cats with FeLV a better prognosis and potentially slows the progression of cancerous cells in the body.

It’s important to note that while CBD is not a replacement for veterinary oncology treatments, it serves as a supportive measure alongside traditional therapies like radiation therapy or chemotherapy, possibly enhancing the effectiveness of these treatments and improving quality of life.

Enhancing Overall Quality of Life

For cats battling FeLV, quality of life becomes the central focus. By addressing pain, appetite, anxiety, inflammation, and immune health, CBD offers a holistic approach that tackles multiple aspects of their well-being. A cat that experiences less pain eats well, and feels less anxious is a cat with a higher quality of life, allowing them to enjoy more time with their families.

Potential for Neurological Benefits

FeLV sometimes impacts a cat’s neurological system, leading to behavioral or cognitive changes. While research is still ongoing, CBD is thought to have neuroprotective properties that help reduce the neurological symptoms of FeLV. A study showed that CBD exhibits robust neuroprotective effects in an animal model by modulating excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with both CB2 and 5HT(1A) receptors involved in these effects (Pazos, M., et al., 2013). These benefits extend to helping FeLV-positive cats maintain better coordination, reduce cognitive decline, and support general brain health, keeping them as engaged and playful as possible.

Choosing the Right CBD Oil for A Feline Friend

Not all CBD oils are created equal, especially when it comes to furry friends. High-quality CBD oil, specifically formulated for pets, is a must. Listed below are what to look for.

Organic, CO2-Extracted Oil: This extraction method preserves beneficial compounds in the cannabis plant without harmful residues. Choosing organic ensures no pesticides or chemicals make their way into a cat’s body.

Certificate of Analysis (COA): Always buy CBD oil that has been third-party tested. A COA confirms the product’s potency and purity, showing it’s free from contaminants.

Broad Spectrum vs. Isolate vs. Full Spectrum: Broad and full spectrum hemp extracts contain multiple compounds that work together, known as the “entourage effect,” for enhanced benefits. However, check for minimal THC content, as THC is toxic to cats.

Pet-Specific Formulations: Cats have unique needs, so choose cat-specific CBD products with appropriate concentrations and possibly cat-friendly flavors to appeal to finicky cats.

How to Give CBD Oil to Cats

Once a high-quality CBD is chosen, it’s time to figure out how to give it to a cat. Below are some popular methods.

Mixing with Food or Treats: Many cat owners find it easy to give CBD to cats through cat biscuits, perfect for those finicky cats!

Topical Application: In cases of skin cancer or localized pain, topical application of CBD works well, though systemic absorption is best for full-body benefits.

Direct Oral Dosing: For precise dosage, administer CBD oil directly with a syringe or dropper. This method ensures a cat gets the full dose right away.

No matter the method, start with a low dose and monitor the cat’s response. Adjust the dosage gradually based on the cat’s body weight and overall reaction. Working closely with a holistic veterinarian is ideal for achieving the best results.

Beyond CBD Oil: Other Holistic Approaches for FeLV

While CBD is a game-changer, other natural remedies are a powerful addition to a holistic treatment plan for FeLV-positive cats.

Nutritional Support: A nutrient-dense diet is essential. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (found in hemp seed oil and other healthy oils) help reduce inflammation and support immune health.

Herbal Supplements: Herbs like echinacea and astragalus provide immune support (Sultan, M., et al., 2014). Consult a holistic veterinarian before introducing any herbs to ensure they’re safe for cats.

Acupuncture and Massage: These therapies relieve pain and reduce stress in cats with chronic illnesses, boosting comfort and quality of life.

CBD Capsules or Creams: These are helpful alternatives for cats that don’t tolerate oils well. CBD capsules provide a convenient way to control dosage, while creams relieve skin irritation or tumors.

Important Considerations for Cat Owners

While CBD oil offers many potential benefits for cats with leukemia, a few key considerations help cat parents make the best choices.

Quality Over Quantity: High-quality, organic hemp oil makes a big difference in outcomes. Look for pure, third-party-tested CBD products from reputable sources with a Certificate of Analysis (COA).

Consulting a Vet: Always consult a veterinarian before introducing any new treatment, especially CBD. They guide on dosage and check for potential interactions with other treatments like radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Adjusting Dosage Carefully: Keep an eye on how a cat responds, especially if they’re taking other medications. Start with a low dose and increase gradually as needed.

Be Patient and Observant: Every cat responds differently. Pay attention to changes in behavior, appetite, and energy levels as CBD is introduced.

A Final Word on CBD Oil for Cats with Leukemia and Cancer

CBD oil offers a promising, natural approach for treating cats with FeLV and other cancers. While not a miracle cure, CBD, especially in broad or full-spectrum hemp extract, supports the cat’s immune system, reduces chronic pain, and improves overall quality of life. Paired with a good diet, complementary therapies, and regular vet check-ups, CBD oil helps give FeLV-positive cats a happier, healthier life.

For pet parents ready to explore this option, remember to prioritize quality and always consult with a veterinarian. With the right care, a feline friend navigates the challenges of FeLV with comfort and dignity.

If curious about where to get started with high-quality pet CBD products, Paws and Claws CBD is here to help. Our carefully curated pet CBD solutions, tailored for cat owners, offer everything from CBD oil to tasty cat treats for even the most finicky feline friends. Ready to give a cat the support they deserve? Explore Paws and Claws CBD today for premium CBD products backed by science and crafted with love! 

References

• Almeida, N., Danelli, M., Silva, L., Hagiwara, M., & Mazur, C. (2012). Prevalence of feline leukemia virus infection in domestic cats in Rio de Janeiro. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14, 583 – 586. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X12444693.
• Austrich-Olivares, A., García-Gutiérrez, M., Illescas, L., Gasparyan, A., & Manzanares, J. (2022). Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Involvement in the Actions of CBD on Anxiety and Coping Behaviors in Mice. Pharmaceuticals, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15040473.
• Bolin, L., Ahmad, S., Lobelle-Rich, P., Ooms, T., Alvarez-Hernandez, X., Didier, P., & Levy, L. (2013). The Surface Glycoprotein of Feline Leukemia Virus Isolate FeLV-945 Is a Determinant of Altered Pathogenesis in the Presence or Absence of the Unique Viral Long Terminal Repeat. Journal of Virology, 87, 10874 – 10883. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01130-13.
• Chhetri, B., Berke, O., Pearl, D., & Bienzle, D. (2013). Comparison of the geographical distribution of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in the United States of America (2000–2011). BMC Veterinary Research, 9, 2 – 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-2.
• Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2024). Feline Leukemia Virus. Cornell University. Retrieved November 7, 2024, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-leukemia-virus
• Elbaz, M., Nasser, M., Ravi, J., Wani, N., Ahirwar, D., Zhao, H., Oghumu, S., Satoskar, A., Shilo, K., Carson, W., & Ganju, R. (2015). Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and inhibition of EGF/EGFR pathway: Novel anti‐tumor mechanisms of Cannabidiol in breast cancer. Molecular Oncology, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2014.12.010.
• Giselbrecht, J., Jähne, S., Bergmann, M., Meli, M., Pineroli, B., Boenzli, E., Teichmann-Knorrn, S., Zablotski, Y., Pennisi, M., Layachi, N., Serra, R., Bò, S., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., & Hartmann, K. (2023). Prevalence of Different Courses of Feline Leukaemia Virus Infection in Four European Countries. Viruses, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081718.
• Hartmann, K. (2012). Clinical Aspects of Feline Retroviruses: A Review. Viruses, 4, 2684 – 2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4112684.
• Kulesza, B., Mazurek, M., & Kurzepa, J. (2023). Can cannabidiol have an analgesic effect?. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12947.
• Lowin, T., Tingting, R., Zurmahr, J., Classen, T., Schneider, M., & Pongratz, G. (2020). Cannabidiol (CBD): a killer for inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Cell Death & Disease, 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-02892-1.
• Moll, G., Swenson, C., & Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, V. (2023). BET Inhibitor JQ1 Attenuates Feline Leukemia Virus DNA, Provirus, and Antigen Production in Domestic Cat Cell Lines. Viruses, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091853.
• Nichols, J., & Kaplan, B. (2020). Immune Responses Regulated by Cannabidiol. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 5, 12 – 31. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2018.0073.
• Parker, L., Rock, E., & Limebeer, C. (2011). Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids. British Journal of Pharmacology, 163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01176.x.
• Pazos, M., Mohammed, N., Lafuente, H., Santos, M., Martínez-Pinilla, E., Moreno, E., Valdizán, E., Valdizán, E., Romero, J., Pazos, Á., Pazos, Á., Franco, R., Franco, R., Hillard, C., Álvarez, F., & Martínez-Orgado, J. (2013). Mechanisms of cannabidiol neuroprotection in hypoxic–ischemic newborn pigs: Role of 5HT1A and CB2 receptors. Neuropharmacology, 71, 282-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.027.
• Robert, L., Puig, J., Tumbarello, M., Farigola, M., Seth, M., Mesa, I., & Bernabe, L. (2023). A retrospective review of cats with suspected false positive results in point-of-care feline leukemia virus tests and concurrent immune-mediated anemia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.23.02.0059.
• St Denis, K. A. (2022). Feline Leukemia Virus Disease. MSD Veterinary Manual. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/feline-leukemia-virus/feline-leukemia-virus-disease
• Sultan, M., Buttxs, M., Qayyum, M., & Suleria, H. (2014). Immunity: Plants as Effective Mediators. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 54, 1298 – 1308. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.633249.