Does CBD Oil Help Manage Glaucoma in Dogs? A Friendly Guide for Pet Owners

Glaucoma in dogs is a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. However, with a well-structured approach and incorporating potential natural remedies like CBD oil, pet parents effectively address symptoms and enhance their pets’ quality of life. It’s important to note that while CBD oil aids in symptom relief, it is not considered a cure; rather, it serves as a supportive element in veterinary care.

This article provides comprehensive information for pet owners about glaucoma, the various treatment options available, and the potential advantages of CBD oil to alleviate the symptoms associated with this condition in dogs.

What is Glaucoma in Dogs?

Simply put, canine glaucoma is a serious eye disease where fluid in the eye, known as aqueous humor, doesn’t drain properly. This fluid buildup leads to increased intraocular pressure (eye pressure), which damages the optic nerve and causes severe pain and vision loss. There are two main types to watch out for.

Primary Glaucoma – Often genetic, this type is more common in certain breeds like Beagle, Cocker Spaniel, Siberian Husky, Magyar Vizsla, and Newfoundland breeds (Strøm, A., et al., 2011).

Secondary Glaucoma – This occurs due to another underlying eye condition, like uveitis (eye inflammation), retinal detachment, or lens luxation. A study on secondary glaucomas in dogs in North America showed that secondary glaucoma associated with cataract formation represented 81% of all canine secondary glaucomas (Gelatt, K., & Mackay, E., 2004).

Both types lead to the same problem: increased eye pressure that results in vision impairment or even blindness if untreated. It’s crucial to spot glaucoma symptoms early for a chance to manage it effectively.

Spotting the Symptoms: What to Look For

Dogs are pretty good at hiding pain (unfortunately for us!). But if one knows what to watch out for, it is easy to catch glaucoma early and get the dog the help they need. Some dog glaucoma symptoms to keep an eye on are listed below.

• Redness or swelling in the affected eye
• Cloudy or hazy appearance of the eye
• Excessive tearing or discharge
• Bulging or swelling of the eyeball
• Squinting or blinking excessively
• Visible blood vessels in the whites of the eyes
• Behavioral changes like irritability or lethargy

Seeing any of these symptoms? This is a call for immediate veterinary attention. Early diagnosis and intervention are key here.

Diagnosing Glaucoma in Dogs

To diagnose glaucoma, a vet measures intraocular pressure using a tonometer. It’s a quick and painless test to check if eye pressure is normal or elevated. They also check the drainage angle (the area where the fluid is drained) or even use an ocular ultrasound to get a closer look at the eye’s structure.

CBD Oil: Does It Help Manage Glaucoma in Dogs?

Time to talk about the big player on the natural remedies scene: Dog CBD oil. Derived from the cannabis plant, CBD (short for cannabidiol) is a non-psychoactive compound known for its potential to reduce pain and inflammation, two key areas of concern for dogs suffering from glaucoma. But how exactly does it work, and what do pet owners need to know? Let’s break down the benefits and some important considerations.

Pain Relief: Soothing Discomfort in Dogs with Glaucoma

One of the toughest parts of glaucoma in dogs is the chronic, often severe eye pain caused by prolonged increased intraocular pressure. Fortunately, CBD oil is celebrated for its analgesic (pain-relieving) properties, which help ease this discomfort, allowing a dog to feel more comfortable and active. Studies suggest that CBD reduces pain by inhibiting neuronal excitability, modulating inflammatory cytokines, and interacting with serotonin and cannabinoid receptors (Silva-Cardoso, G., et al., 2021; Gregorio, D., et al., 2018; Silva-Cardoso, G., & Leite-Panissi, C., 2022). By managing pain levels, CBD potentially makes a difference in a dog’s day-to-day quality of life.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Reducing Eye Swelling

Inflammation often goes hand-in-hand with glaucoma, contributing to the buildup of pressure and swelling in the affected eye. CBD’s anti-inflammatory effects primarily by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulating immune cell activity, and inhibiting oxidative stress pathways help reduce this swelling, potentially relieving eye pressure and minimizing pain (Henshaw, F., et al., 2021; Lowin, T., et al., 2020). By reducing inflammation, CBD also helps slow the disease’s progression, buying more time to manage the dog’s symptoms.

Neuroprotection: Guarding Against Vision Loss

CBD is also showing promise in neuroprotection, essentially, it helps protect delicate retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve from further damage. According to a study on the neuroprotection of Cannabidiol, “CBD’s anti-neuroinflammatory activities are related to the downregulation of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS, TLR4-NFα B, and IFN-β -JAK-STAT pathways in neurological disorders,” (Yousaf, M., et al, 2022). Since chronic ocular hypertension accelerates vision loss in dogs, protecting these cells helps maintain their vision for longer. While this isn’t a cure, slowing the pace of retinal and optic nerve damage makes a big difference in managing glaucoma over time.

Conventional Treatments for Dog Glaucoma

If a dog is diagnosed with glaucoma, veterinarians likely recommend a variety of treatments including medical therapies like IOP-lowering medications, surgical options such as cycloablation and gonioimplantation, and novel approaches like gene and stem cell therapies, with varying degrees of success and complications.

Medication Options for Glaucoma in Dogs

One of the first steps in treating glaucoma is often the use of medication, typically in the form of eye drops, to manage eye pressure and relieve discomfort. These medications help with fluid production and drainage, aiming to maintain normal eye pressure and protect the dog’s vision as long as possible.

Pain Relief: Alleviating Discomfort in Dogs with Glaucoma

Chronic pain is a major issue in dogs with glaucoma. When pressure builds up, it causes severe pain in the affected eye, leading to behavioral changes such as irritability, lethargy, and even a reluctance to play or interact. Providing pain relief is a cornerstone of glaucoma treatment to improve the dog’s daily comfort.

Analgesics (Pain Relievers): Depending on the level of discomfort, a vet recommends oral or topical pain relievers that are safe for dogs to help manage pain and support the dog’s quality of life.

Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Since inflammation plays a role in chronic ocular hypertension, anti-inflammatory drugs help relieve some of the pressure and pain associated with the disease.

These medications make a significant difference in the dog’s comfort, helping them stay active, social, and happy despite their condition.

Surgical Options: When Medication Isn’t Enough

In more severe cases of dog glaucoma, medications are not enough to bring the eye pressure down to a safe level. When this happens, surgery becomes an option to relieve pressure, reduce pain, and prevent further vision loss. Surgical options for glaucoma in dogs are presented below.

Shunt Placements: In this procedure, a small shunt is placed in the eye to facilitate the outflow of aqueous humor. By improving drainage, the shunt helps maintain healthy eye pressure, reducing the likelihood of further optic nerve damage. Shunts are often effective but require follow-up procedures if they become blocked or need adjustment.

Laser Treatments: Laser surgery targets specific cells in the eye that produce aqueous humor, reducing the amount of fluid in the eye. This procedure lowers intraocular pressure without affecting the rest of the eye structure and is often successful in dogs who respond well to the treatment.

Cyclocryotherapy: This procedure freezes a portion of the eye to slow down fluid production, which in turn reduces pressure. While it sounds intense, cyclocryotherapy is very effective for dogs with glaucoma who need a more permanent solution to manage intraocular pressure.

Enucleation: In the most severe cases, where the affected eye is difficult to save and is causing intense, unmanageable pain, a vet usually recommends enucleation, or the surgical removal of the eye. Though it sounds drastic, this procedure is often the best choice for dogs suffering from unrelenting pain due to glaucoma. With one eye removed, dogs still live happy and healthy lives without the constant discomfort.

Routine Checkups: Essential for Glaucoma Management

Regardless of the treatment route, managing glaucoma in dogs is a long-term commitment that requires regular vet visits and monitoring. Consistent intraocular pressure measurements allow the dog’s veterinarian to adjust treatments as needed, ensuring the dog’s eyes are stable and minimizing pain and discomfort.

Veterinary follow-ups also help catch any signs of secondary eye infections, chronic ocular hypertension, or other complications early, so they are addressed promptly. These checkups are essential for preserving eye health and maintaining a dog’s quality of life over time.

Using CBD Safely: Important Considerations for Pet Owners

After thorough research, if pet parents decide that CBD potentially helps a dog’s glaucoma, there are a few things to keep in mind.

Vet Consultation: Always talk to the dog’s vet first, especially if a dog is already taking other meds for glaucoma. They help determine the right CBD oil dosage and ensure it won’t counteract any current treatments.

Quality CBD Products: Choose high-quality CBD pet products made specifically for animals. Look for CBD-rich hemp oil with third-party testing and a Certificate of Analysis (COA) for purity and potency, and avoid any products with high THC (it’s toxic for dogs!).

Monitor for Side Effects: While generally safe, CBD sometimes causes mild side effects in dogs, like drowsiness or appetite changes. Keep an eye on the dog’s response, and adjust the dosage if needed.

With these precautions, CBD potentially complements traditional glaucoma treatments to help manage pain and inflammation in dogs.

Remember, these are individual cases, and results vary, but these stories offer hope for dogs affected by glaucoma.

Weighing the Benefits and Risks

The decision to use CBD oil for glaucoma in dogs is made thoughtfully with guidance from the dog’s veterinarian. Here’s a quick recap of what we know:

• CBD is not a cure for glaucoma, but it potentially helps manage symptoms like pain and inflammation.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing canine glaucoma and preventing blindness.
• Monitoring intraocular pressure and eye health regularly is key if CBD is part of the treatment plan.

If pet parents think CBD is right for their dog, they must talk to the dog’s veterinarian about the best approach to safely incorporate it.

FAQs

Does CBD Oil Cure Glaucoma In Dogs?

NO, CBD oil does not cure glaucoma. While it potentially helps manage symptoms like pain and inflammation, it is not a replacement for traditional treatments. CBD oil is used in conjunction with a vet-approved glaucoma management plan to support a dog’s comfort and eye health.

How Does CBD Oil Help Dogs with Glaucoma?

CBD oil helps manage glaucoma symptoms by providing pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits. Some studies suggest it offers neuroprotective effects as well, potentially slowing the progression of vision loss. However, these benefits are still being researched, and CBD is only used with veterinary guidance.

Does CBD Oil Increase Eye Pressure in Dogs With Glaucoma?

Yes, in some cases, CBD oil has been found to increase intraocular pressure (eye pressure), which worsens glaucoma symptoms (Straiker, A., 2019; Tomida, I., et al., 2006). However, a more recent study on animal models showed that CBD significantly lowered intraocular pressure (Jost, H., et al., 2023; Senapati, S., et al., 2022). This is why it’s essential to work with the dog’s veterinarian to monitor the dog’s eye pressure and ensure CBD is safe for its specific condition.

How To Know If CBD Oil Is Safe for A Dog?

Choose a high-quality CBD product made specifically for pets, ideally one that is CBD-rich hemp oil and third-party tested for purity. Avoid products with THC (toxic for dogs) and consult the dog’s veterinarian to determine a safe dosage. Some veterinarians advise on CBD safety based on the dog’s health and weight.

What Is the Right CBD Oil Dosage For A Dog With Glaucoma?

The correct dosage varies depending on the dog’s weight, health, and the severity of their glaucoma symptoms. It’s best to start with a low dose and adjust gradually while monitoring the dog’s response. The dog’s veterinarian provides specific guidance on CBD dosage tailored to the dog’s needs.

Are There Side Effects of Using CBD Oil for Dogs?

While generally well-tolerated, CBD oil causes mild side effects like drowsiness, dry mouth, and appetite changes in dogs. Always monitor the dog for any reactions when introducing CBD, and contact the veterinarian if side effects persist or seem severe.

Is CBD Oil Used as A Standalone Treatment For A Dog’s Glaucoma?

NO. CBD oil is not a substitute for conventional glaucoma treatments. It is part of a comprehensive care plan that includes vet-prescribed medications and regular eye exams to manage intraocular pressure and protect the dog’s vision. Always consult the dog’s vet to develop a well-rounded glaucoma management plan.

Conclusion

While more research is certainly needed, CBD oil shows promise as a natural remedy that helps ease pain and reduce inflammation for dogs with glaucoma. Used responsibly, and always under veterinary guidance, CBD complements conventional treatments to improve a dog’s comfort and potentially slow the progression of vision loss.

It’s essential to view CBD as part of a broader glaucoma management strategy rather than a stand-alone fix. Regular checkups, monitoring eye pressure, and sticking to prescribed glaucoma dog treatments are all crucial steps for maintaining a dog’s ocular health. By working closely with the dog’s veterinarian, pet parents confidently explore CBD oil as an additional way to support their dog’s well-being and help them live a comfortable, active life despite their diagnosis.

If curious about incorporating CBD into a dog’s care routine, start a conversation with the dog’s attending vet to discuss safe dosage, potential side effects, and how it fits into the dog’s unique health needs.

References

• Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2024c). Glaucoma. Cornell University. Retrieved November 8, 2024, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/glaucoma
• Gelatt, K., & Mackay, E. (2004). Secondary glaucomas in the dog in North America. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 7 4, 245-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1463-5224.2004.04034.X.
• Gregorio, D., McLaughlin, R., Posa, L., Ochoa-Sanchez, R., Enns, J., López-Canul, M., Aboud, M., Maione, S., Comai, S., & Gobbi, G. (2018). Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain. Pain, 160, 136 – 150. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001386.
• Henshaw, F., Dewsbury, L., Lim, C., & Steiner, G. (2021). The Effects of Cannabinoids on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Cannabis and cannabinoid research. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2020.0105.
• Lowin, T., Tingting, R., Zurmahr, J., Classen, T., Schneider, M., & Pongratz, G. (2020). Cannabidiol (CBD): a killer for inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Cell Death & Disease, 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-02892-1.
• Silva-Cardoso, G., & Leite-Panissi, C. (2022). Chronic Pain and Cannabidiol in Animal Models: Behavioral Pharmacology and Future Perspectives. Cannabis and cannabinoid research. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2022.0096.
• Silva-Cardoso, G., Lazarini-Lopes, W., Hallak, J., Crippa, J., Zuardi, A., Garcia-Cairasco, N., & Leite-Panissi, C. (2021). Cannabidiol effectively reverses mechanical and thermal allodynia, hyperalgesia, and anxious behaviors in a neuropathic pain model: Possible role of CB1 and TRPV1 receptors. Neuropharmacology, 197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108712.
• Straiker, A. (2019). What is currently known about cannabidiol and ocular pressure. Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 14, 259 – 261. https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2019.1698947.
• Strøm, A., Hässig, M., Iburg, T., & Spiess, B. (2011). Epidemiology of canine glaucoma presented to University of Zurich from 1995 to 2009. Part 1: Congenital and primary glaucoma (4 and 123 cases). Veterinary ophthalmology, 14 2, 121-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00855.x.
• Yousaf, M., Chang, D., Liu, Y., Liu, T., & Zhou, X. (2022). Neuroprotection of Cannabidiol, Its Synthetic Derivatives and Combination Preparations against Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Neurological Disorders. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154961.