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Common Side Effects of CBD in Pets: How to Mitigate Them

White dog lying down on the ground, looking calm and resting.

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More and more veterinarians are using CBD in their practice because it helps address many animal health conditions. 

Whether it is calming nervous puppies or relieving older people’s chronic pain, CBD seems to work wonders as an effective natural medicine. 

But, like with any drug or dietary supplement, it is important to understand that CBD has its fair share of side effects in animals as well. Let’s explore some common side effects and discover how to mitigate them, and ensure a safe and positive experience for a beloved pet.

US veterinarians are aware of the potential benefits of cannabidiol (CBD) for dogs, but more research is needed and marijuana and CBD should be classified as Schedule I drugs,” according to the 2019 study by Kogan, L., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., Hellyer, P., & Rishniw, M., titled “US Veterinarians’ Knowledge, Experience, and Perception Regarding the Use of Cannabidiol for Canine Medical Conditions.

What is CBD and How Does It Work in Pets?

CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a naturally occurring compound found in hemp plants. It interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) present in both humans and animals. 

The ECS is a complex network of receptors and neurotransmitters that helps regulate various bodily functions, including mood, sleep, appetite, and pain perception.  

By interacting with the ECS, CBD provides several benefits for pets, such as:

  • Pain relief
  • Anxiety reduction
  • Seizure management
  • Improved appetite
  • Better sleep

Importantly, CBD is non-psychoactive, meaning it won’t get a pet “high.” This is because it lacks significant levels of THC, the compound responsible for the psychoactive effects of marijuana.

Cannabidiol (CBD) shows potential in treating canine and feline diseases, including degenerative joint diseases, epilepsy, and behavioral disorders, without causing psychoactive side effects,” according to the 2023 study by Skiba, S., Kiraga, Ł., Crowley, K., Miszczuk, E., Jank, M., & Chłopecka, M. titled “Application of  Cannabidiol (CBD) in the Pharmacotherapy of Dogs and Cats.

Potential CBD Side Effects in Pets

Brown dog resting its head on a soft surface, looking relaxed and calm

While CBD is generally well-tolerated by pets, it’s important to be aware of possible side effects. Just like any medication or supplement, CBD affects each pet differently. Let’s break down some of the most common side effects to keep an eye out for.

Dry Mouth

CBD indirectly decreases saliva production, leading to a dry mouth. “Anandamide decreases saliva secretion in the submandibular gland acting through CB1 and CB2 receptors,” (Prestifilippo, J., et al., 2006). Hence, CBD’s interaction with the ECS by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down anandamide, some paw-rents notice their pets licking their lips more often or seeking out water more frequently. If this happens, offer them plenty of fresh water.

Drowsiness

Some pets experience drowsiness or reduced energy levels after taking CBD, particularly when first starting or with higher doses. This is attributed to the calming effects of CBD hence too much of it causes drowsiness or a lethargic appearance. If a pet seems unusually sleepy, consider reducing the dosage or consulting the pet’s veterinarian.

Gastrointestinal Upset

In some cases, CBD causes tummy troubles like vomiting, diarrhea, or an upset stomach. This is often related to the carrier oil used in the product or an individual sensitivity. If a pet experiences digestive issues, try switching to a different CBD product or consult the pet’s veterinarian. It is also highly advised that CBD, (or any changes in the pet’s diet) should be gradually introduced to give ample time for the pet’s digestive microbiome to adjust to the new substance.

Low Blood Pressure

While rare, CBD can cause a temporary drop in blood pressure. This might lead to dizziness or even fainting. Contact the pet’s veterinarian immediately if the pet seems unsteady or weak. 

Agitation or Increased Pacing

Though CBD is often used to reduce anxiety, some pets paradoxically experience increased restlessness or agitation. If a pet seems more anxious after taking CBD, consider adjusting the dosage or trying a different product.

Head Shaking or Other Discomfort

If a pet is experiencing any discomfort due to CBD, they show it through behaviors like head shaking, pawing at their face, or excessive scratching. These possibly indicate an allergic reaction or sensitivity to the product. If these signs are noticed, stop CBD use and contact the pet’s veterinarian.

Species-Specific Reactions

It’s important to remember that dogs and cats react differently to CBD. “CBD-rich hemp nutraceuticals appear to be safe in healthy adult dogs, with dogs absorbing CBD faster than cats,” (Deabold, K., et al., 2019), hence cats need a longer time to experience the benefits of CBD and are more sensitive to its effects. Always choose CBD products specifically formulated for a pet’s species.

Remember: If paw-rents observe any concerning side effects in their pet, discontinue CBD use and consult the pet’s attending veterinarian. Veterinarians guide owners to choose the right CBD product, determine the appropriate dosage, and monitor a pet’s progress. However, not all veterinarians welcome the idea of using CBD on pets as research is still ongoing. In this case, consult holistic veterinarians for proper clinical assessment of the pet’s needs. Open discussions with them provide answers to questions, address any concerns, and ensure the pet’s CBD journey is a safe and successful one.

Factors That Influence Side Effects: Every Pet is Unique

Pets react differently to substances, and CBD is no exception. Several factors play a role in how a pet responds to CBD, influencing the likelihood and severity of any side effects. Some of these are listed below.

Dosage

Think of CBD dosage like Goldilocks and the porridge – owners want to find the amount that’s “just right.” Starting with the lowest recommended dose for a pet’s weight is crucial. Gradually increase it, carefully observing the pet for any changes in behavior or health. It’s like a gentle dance, finding the perfect balance between effectiveness and safety.

Quality of CBD Products

Not all CBD products are created equal. It’s essential to choose high-quality products that have been third-party lab tested. These tests verify the CBD content and ensure the product is free of THC (the psychoactive compound in cannabis) and other potentially harmful additives. Think of it like choosing the freshest ingredients for a pet’s favorite treat – quality matters!

Delivery Method

The way CBD is administered also plays a role in its effects. CBD comes in various forms as well. CBD oils and tinctures tend to be absorbed quickly, offering faster relief. On the other paw, treats and capsules take a bit longer to kick in as they need to be digested first. Consider a pet’s preferences and needs when choosing a delivery method.

Individual Sensitivity

Just like humans, pets have unique sensitivities. Some might experience side effects even at low doses, while others might tolerate higher doses without any issues. It’s like a fingerprint – each pet’s response to CBD is unique. That’s why it’s so important to start low, go slow, and monitor a pet closely.

By understanding these factors and working closely with a veterinarian, paw-rents navigate the world of CBD with confidence, ensuring their furry friend enjoys its potential benefits while minimizing any risks. Remember, patience and observation are key!

How to Mitigate Side Effects of CBD in Pets

Golden retriever looking at a bottle of CBD oil next to cannabis leaves.

While CBD is generally well-tolerated, some pets might experience mild side effects. But don’t worry! Here are some simple strategies to help minimize those risks and ensure a positive CBD experience for a beloved companion.

Start Low and Go Slow

Just like any new supplement, it’s wise to introduce CBD gradually. Begin with the lowest recommended dose and slowly increase it over time, carefully observing the pet’s response at each stage. Think of it as a gentle stroll, not a sprint!

Consult with a Veterinarian

The pet’s attending veterinarian is the best ally when it comes to a pet’s health. Always consult them before starting a pet on CBD, especially if they have any pre-existing health conditions or are taking other medications. They offer valuable insights and guidance tailored to a pet’s specific needs.

Choose High-Quality, Low-THC Products

Not all CBD products are created equal. Prioritize those that have undergone third-party lab testing to ensure purity and potency. Also, make sure the product complies to THC restriction of 0.3%.

Monitor for Early Signs of Side Effects

Keep a close eye on a pet after administering CBD. Look for any changes in their behavior or physical condition, such as lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, or dry mouth. If paw-rents notice any adverse reactions, reduce the dosage or discontinue use and consult the pet’s veterinarian promptly.

Provide Adequate Hydration

Dry mouth is a potential side effect of CBD. If a pet seems thirsty, ensure they have access to plenty of fresh water. Also, try adding a small amount of water or broth to their food to help keep them hydrated.

Remember, a pet’s health and well-being are paramount. By following these simple tips, paw-rents confidently navigate the world of CBD and give their furry friend the best possible experience.

What to Do If a Pet Experiences Severe Side Effects

In rare cases, pets experience severe side effects from CBD. Seek immediate veterinary attention if any of the following are observed.

  • Severe vomiting or diarrhea
  • Extreme lethargy or weakness
  • Loss of coordination or balance
  • Difficulty breathing

Before the vet visit, gather information about the CBD product used, including the dosage, brand, and any lab test results.

The Role of Veterinarians in Administering CBD

The pet’s attending veterinarian plays a crucial role in safely and effectively incorporating CBD into a pet’s wellness routine. 

  • Provide personalized dosage recommendations based on the pet’s individual needs and health conditions.
  • Monitor the pet for any side effects and adjust the dosage as needed.
  • Offer guidance on choosing high-quality CBD products and avoiding potential drug interactions.

Veterinary research on CBD is ongoing, and the pet’s attending veterinarian helps paw-rents stay informed about the latest findings and recommendations.

Conclusion

CBD holds promise as a natural aid for various pet health concerns. However, it’s important to be aware of the potential side effects and take a cautious approach.

By starting with a low dose, monitoring a pet closely, and working with a veterinarian, paw-rents safely explore the potential benefits of CBD and support their furry friend’s overall well-being.

References

  • Deabold, K., Schwark, W., Wolf, L., & Wakshlag, J. (2019). Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Safety Assessment with Use of CBD-Rich Hemp Nutraceutical in Healthy Dogs and Cats. Animals: an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100832.
  • Kogan, L., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., Hellyer, P., & Rishniw, M. (2019). US Veterinarians’ Knowledge, Experience, and Perception Regarding the Use of Cannabidiol for Canine Medical Conditions. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00338.
  • Prestifilippo, J., Fernández-Solari, J., Cal, C., Iribarne, M., Suburo, A., Rettori, V., Mccann, S., & Elverdín, J. (2006). Inhibition of Salivary Secretion by Activation of Cannabinoid Receptors. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 231, 1421 – 1429. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020623100816.
  • Skiba, S., Kiraga, Ł., Crowley, K., Miszczuk, E., Jank, M., & Chłopecka, M. (2023). APPLICATION OF CANNABIDIOL (CBD) IN THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF DOGS AND CATS. Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica. https://doi.org/10.21005/aapz2023.68.4.8.
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