Is CBD Legal for Pets in All States? A Legal Overview

CBD, a natural compound found in hemp, is gaining popularity as a potential wellness aid for pets. From soothing anxious pups to easing discomfort in senior cats, pet parents are increasingly turning to CBD.

But amidst the growing interest, a crucial question remains: Is CBD legal for pets in all states? And does the answer change depending on where we live? It’s not that simple. The legality of pet CBD is a bit of a puzzle, with a patchwork of regulations across different states. 

Don’t worry. This article breaks down the confusing rules about CBD for pets, so owners understand them easily. Learn about the laws, both nationwide and in a specific state. By the end, feel confident about making the right choices for a furry friend.

CBD and Pets: Understanding the Magic

CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a natural compound extracted from hemp. It’s like a gentle whisper from Mother Nature, offering potential relief for a variety of ailments without the “high” associated with its notorious cousin, THC.

So, how does this plant-powered wonder work its magic in furry friends? Think of the pet’s body as a finely tuned orchestra, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as the conductor. The ECS is a complex network of receptors found throughout the body, responsible for maintaining balance and harmony in various bodily functions. CBD interacts with these receptors, potentially influencing everything from mood and sleep to appetite and immune response.

Is CBD Legal for Pets in All States: The Federal Framework 

The 2018 Farm Bill was a landmark moment for the hemp industry, legalizing hemp-derived CBD with less than 0.3% THC at the federal level. However, this doesn’t translate to a free-for-all for pet CBD products. The FDA, the watchdog of food and drugs, still maintains a cautious stance.

Navigating Pet CBD Laws State-by-State

While federally permissible, the legality of pet CBD varies significantly from state to state. It’s essential to be aware of the specific laws in an area to ensure the legal and responsible use of CBD for a pet.

Presented below are the specific guidelines in an area regarding CBD use in animals according to DVM 360 (2024).

Veterinarian and CBD: A Crucial Conversation

In most states, veterinarians are prohibited from prescribing CBD for pets. Doing so could jeopardize their licenses. Veterinarians are encouraged to discuss the risks and limited scientific studies regarding the use of CBD in animals. Nonetheless, it’s essential to have an open and honest conversation with a holistic veterinarian or the pet’s attending veterinarian about CBD. They provide valuable insights on potential interactions with medications a pet is taking and help owners make informed decisions about their health and well-being.

“US veterinarians are aware of the potential benefits of cannabidiol (CBD) for dogs, but more research is needed and marijuana and CBD should be classified as Schedule I drugs,” according to the 2021 study by Kogan, L., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., Hellyer, P., & Rishniw, M., titled “US Veterinarians’ Knowledge, Experience, and Perception Regarding the Use of Cannabidiol for Canine Medical Conditions.”

The Potential Benefits of CBD for Pets

While the scientific community continues to explore the full extent of its capabilities, CBD has shown promising potential in enhancing the well-being of furry companions. From easing the burden of anxiety and stress to providing comfort for aches and pains, CBD offers a natural approach to support a pet’s overall health based on the current studies.

Easing Anxiety & Stress

Anxiety and stress manifest in various ways in pets, from excessive barking and pacing to destructive behavior and loss of appetite. CBD’s calming properties help ease these anxieties, promoting a sense of relaxation and well-being.

• Separation anxiety: For pets experiencing distress when left alone, CBD helps reduce their anxiety and promotes a calmer state.
• Fear of loud noises: Fireworks, thunderstorms, or even vacuum cleaners trigger fear and anxiety in pets. CBD helps them cope with these loud noises and feel more at ease.
• Travel-related stress: Car rides or trips to the vet are sometimes stressful for many pets. CBD helps reduce their anxiety and make travel a more pleasant experience.

“A single dose of CBD-free distillate can significantly reduce canine stress during separation and car travel, with varying effects depending on the measure and test,” according to the 2023 study by Hunt, A., Flint, H., Logan, D., & King, T., titled “A single dose of cannabidiol (CBD) positively influences measures of stress in dogs during separation and car travel.”

Managing Pain & Inflammation

Whether it’s due to arthritis, injuries, or chronic conditions, pain and inflammation significantly impact a pet’s quality of life. CBD’s interaction with the endocannabinoid system helps modulate pain perception and reduce inflammation, offering a natural and potentially effective way to manage discomfort and improve mobility.

• Arthritis: CBD helps reduce joint pain and stiffness associated with arthritis, allowing pets to move more freely and enjoy their favorite activities.
• Post-surgery recovery: CBD’s anti-inflammatory properties aid in the healing process after surgery, reducing pain and swelling.
• Chronic pain conditions: For pets suffering from chronic pain, CBD offers a complementary approach to pain management, potentially reducing their reliance on traditional medications.

“CBD oil (2 mg/kg twice daily) significantly decreases pain and increases activity in dogs with osteoarthritis, with no reported side effects,” according to the 2018 study by Gamble, L., Boesch, J., Frye, C., Schwark, W., Mann, S., Wolfe, L., Brown, H., Berthelsen, E., & Wakshlag, J., titled “Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs.”

Supporting Skin & Coat Health

Skin allergies, irritations, and hot spots are a source of constant discomfort for pets. CBD’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties help soothe itchy skin, reduce redness, and promote a healthy, shiny coat.

• Allergies: CBD helps alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as itching and inflammation.
• Hot spots: These painful, inflamed lesions are challenging to manage. CBD help soothe the area and promote healing.
• Dry skin: CBD-infused topicals provide moisture and relief for dry, irritated skin.

“Topical endocannabinoid membrane transporter inhibitor (WOL067-531) effectively minimizes allergic flares and pruritus in a canine model of atopic dermatitis without adverse effects,” according to the 20198 study by Marsella, R., Ahrens, K., Sanford, R., Trujillo, A., Massre, D., Soeberdt, M., & Abels, C., titled “Double blinded, vehicle controlled, crossover study on the efficacy of a topical endocannabinoid membrane transporter inhibitor in atopic Beagles.”

Improves Appetite and Digestion

A healthy appetite and good digestion are essential for a pet’s overall well-being. If a furry friend is a picky eater or experiences digestive issues, CBD helps stimulate their appetite and support a healthy gut.

• Loss of appetite: CBD helps increase appetite in pets who are recovering from illness or experiencing stress.
• Nausea and vomiting: CBD helps reduce nausea and vomiting associated with certain conditions or medications.
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): While more research is needed, some studies suggest CBD potentially helps manage the symptoms of IBD in pets.

“Cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2, GPR55, and PPAR are widely distributed in the canine gastrointestinal tract, supporting their therapeutic use in relieving motility disorders and visceral hypersensitivity in canine enteropathies,” according to the 2018 study by Galiazzo, G., Giancola, F., Stanzani, A., Fracassi, F., Bernardini, C., Forni, M., Pietra, M., & Chiocchetti, R., titled “Localization of cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2, GPR55, and PPARα in the canine gastrointestinal tract.”

Always Consult The Vet

While CBD shows great promise in supporting a pet’s health, it’s crucial to consult the pet’s attending veterinarian before starting any new supplement, including CBD. They clinically assess the pet’s individual needs, discuss potential side effects, and help owners create a safe and effective CBD plan tailored to a pet’s unique requirements.

Remember, every pet is unique, and it’s essential to consult a holistic veterinarian before starting a pet on any new supplement.

Choosing Wisely: Tips for Finding the Right Pet CBD

Navigating the vast array of pet CBD products is overwhelming. Here are some key factors to consider:

Source Matters: The Roots of Quality

Just like with any food or supplement, the origin of a pet’s CBD matters. Opt for hemp-derived CBD with less than 0.3% THC. This ensures a pet won’t experience any unwanted psychoactive effects. Look for brands that source their hemp from reputable growers in the US, where regulations are stricter and quality control is paramount.

Homegrown Hemp: A Safer Bet

Domestically grown hemp is often subject to more rigorous testing and oversight, ensuring it’s free from harmful pesticides and contaminants. It’s a small step that makes a big difference in a pet’s well-being.

Pet-Specific Formulations: Tailored for A Furry Friend

Remember, a pet isn’t a tiny human! Their bodies process CBD differently, so it’s crucial to choose products specifically formulated for pets. Some human CBD products contain ingredients that are toxic to animals, such as essential oils or artificial sweeteners.

Third-Party Lab Testing: Trust but Verify

A Certificate of Analysis (COA) from a third-party lab is a golden ticket to peace of mind. It’s like a report card for a pet’s CBD, verifying its quality, purity, and cannabinoid content. Reputable brands readily provide these COAs, so don’t hesitate to ask!

Transparency is Key

Choose companies that are open books about their sourcing, manufacturing processes, and lab results. They should be proud to share this information and answer any questions. Steer clear of brands making outlandish health claims or those shrouded in secrecy.

Beyond the Basics: Additional Considerations

• Carrier Oils: Opt for products with safe carrier oils like hemp seed oil or MCT oil. Avoid those with artificial flavors, colors, or preservatives.
• Dosage: Start with a low dose and gradually increase it until what works best for a pet is determined. The pet’s attending veterinarian guides owners on appropriate dosing.
• Product Type: Choose a product type that suits a pet’s preferences and needs. Oils, treats, and topicals each have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion

The legal landscape surrounding pet CBD is complex and constantly evolving. By staying informed about the laws in a state, consulting the pet’s veterinarian, and choosing high-quality products, owners confidently navigate this terrain and make the best decisions for their furry companion’s health and happiness. Remember, knowledge is power. Empower yourself with the facts, and embark on a journey toward a happier, healthier life for beloved pets.

References

• Association of American Feed Control Officials. (2021). AAFCO Publications.
  https://www.aafco.org/Publications. Accessed September 10, 2024
• DVM 306. (2024). CBD in Pets. MJH Life Sciences. https://www.dvm360.com/cbd-in-pets. Accessed September 11, 2024.
• Galiazzo, G., Giancola, F., Stanzani, A., Fracassi, F., Bernardini, C., Forni, M., Pietra, M., & Chiocchetti, R. (2018). Localization of cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2, GPR55, and PPARα in the canine gastrointestinal tract. Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 150, 187 – 205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-018-1684-7.
• Gamble, L., Boesch, J., Frye, C., Schwark, W., Mann, S., Wolfe, L., Brown, H., Berthelsen, E., & Wakshlag, J. (2018). Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00165.
• Hunt, A., Flint, H., Logan, D., & King, T. (2023). A single dose of cannabidiol (CBD) positively influences measures of stress in dogs during separation and car travel. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1112604.
• Kogan, L., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., Hellyer, P., & Rishniw, M. (2019). US Veterinarians’ Knowledge, Experience, and Perception Regarding the Use of Cannabidiol for Canine Medical Conditions. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00338.
• Marsella, R., Ahrens, K., Sanford, R., Trujillo, A., Massre, D., Soeberdt, M., & Abels, C. (2019). Double blinded, vehicle controlled, crossover study on the efficacy of a topical endocannabinoid membrane transporter inhibitor in atopic Beagles. Archives of Dermatological Research, 311, 795 – 800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-019-01963-4.
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD). https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd. Accessed September 10, 2024.