Is Peppermint Oil Safe for Dogs? A Vet’s Guide to Benefits and Risks

Peppermint oil is a popular household favorite due to its revitalizing aroma and potential health benefits. However, it’s important to be cautious when using it around dogs. While peppermint oil offers certain benefits for dogs, it’s essential to understand how to use it safely and responsibly. This guide explores the potential advantages and hazards of peppermint oil for dogs so pet parents make informed decisions to keep their furry friends happy and healthy.

What is Peppermint Oil?

Peppermint oil is extracted from the peppermint plant, a hybrid of watermint and spearmint, (Brierley, S., & Kelber, O., 2011). Because of its high concentration, this essential oil is used sparingly. It’s this concentrated nature that raises concerns about its safety for dogs.

The main component of peppermint oil is menthol, with concentrations ranging from 35.01 – 57.50% depending on the drying method, (Schmidt, E., et al., 2009; Beigi, M., et al., 2018). Menthol gives peppermint its characteristic cooling sensation and is responsible for many of its therapeutic effects. It therefore calms sensitive skin, eases stomach problems, and even assists with airway clearance.

While these benefits sound promising, it’s important to remember that dogs are more sensitive to essential oils than humans. Their bodies process things differently, and some harmless substances to humans pose a risk to pets.

Risks of Peppermint Oil for Dogs

Toxicology is the main issue with peppermint oil for dogs. A canine study showed that “Soft capsules of peppermint oil have significantly higher bioavailability than hard capsules, making the two formulations not bioequivalent in dogs,” (Wu, J., Xiang, B., & Li, K., 2010). However, if a dog ingests a large amount of peppermint oil, it causes serious health issues like in humans. In a case report, a woman ingested high doses of oral peppermint oil, with a patient recovering from a comatose state and shock after 8 hours of treatment, (Nath, S., Pandey, C., & Roy, D., 2012). Symptoms of peppermint oil poisoning in dogs include vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, tremors, and difficulty breathing. In severe circumstances, it causes liver damage. 

Misconceptions about Peppermint Oil and Dogs

Before dismissing the use of peppermint oil around dogs, it is necessary to dispel certain prevalent misconceptions. Some sources assert that even the aroma of peppermint oil is detrimental to dogs. Despite dogs having a significantly keener sense of smell than humans and finding the strong scent of peppermint oil disagreeable, it is unlikely that it poses harm to them.  Although the scent is not usually harmful with occasional exposure, it causes discomfort, especially to sensitive dogs. The strong smell leads dogs to cough, sneeze, or paw at their face to alleviate the unpleasant sensation. For dog parents considering other aroma choices, a study on canine smell preferences showed that “Dogs prefer the scents of blueberries, blackberries, mint, rose, lavender, and linalol, which are also popular with humans,” (Kokocińska, A., et al., 2022). 

Quality Matters When Choosing Peppermint Oil

Another important point is the quality of the oil. Harmful ingredients present in adulterated or synthetic peppermint oils, raise the possibility of negative reactions. Dog CBD oil is an appropriate alternative to it. A preliminary investigation of CBD safety showed that “A CBD-predominant oil formulation is safer and more tolerated in dogs than oil formulations containing higher concentrations of THC at our investigated doses,” (Vaughn, D., Kulpa, J., & Paulionis, L., 2020). Either peppermint or CBD, always choose pure, high-quality oil from a reputable source. 

Potential Benefits of Peppermint Oil for Dogs

When used correctly, peppermint oil offers several benefits for a canine companion. It helps them in the following ways to maintain their health and well-being.

Skin Soother

Diluted peppermint oil helps relieve itching, inflammation, and hot spots. It also promotes healing and prevents infections, thanks to its antibacterial and antifungal properties. Moreover, an invitro study showed that “Peppermint essential oil conjugated with chitosan improves antimicrobial and antifungal activities, making it a promising candidate for antiviral therapy treatment,” (Şen, P., Bolouri, P., & Şahin, F., 2023). Peppermint oil’s cooling properties soothe sensitive skin and relieve inflammation. Peppermint’s inherent antibacterial qualities also help stop subsequent infections. “Peppermint oil is a popular herb used in various products, but its role as a sensitizer should be recognized to aid in diagnosis and avoidance measures for dermatitis and oral conditions,” (Herro, E., & Jacob, S., 2010).

Digestive Aid

Peppermint oil helps soothe tummy troubles like nausea, vomiting, and bloating, (Ertürk, N., & Taşcı, S., 2020). It also helps with gas and indigestion. Consider it as a kind of bottle-based stomach massage! Peppermint oil encourages good digestion by helping the digestive tract’s muscles to relax, reducing discomfort.

Respiratory Relief

The menthol in peppermint oil helps open up airways, making it easier for dogs with respiratory issues to breathe. If a dog struggles with nasal congestion, a small amount of diluted peppermint oil (used with caution and under veterinary guidance) potentially offers some relief. The menthol creates a cooling sensation that helps clear those airways and makes breathing more comfortable.

Pest Repellent

The potent aroma of peppermint oil naturally drives away fleas and ticks (Benelli, G., & Pavela, R., 2018). Say goodbye to those pesky critters! Fleas and ticks hate the smell of peppermint, so using a diluted peppermint oil spray helps keep them at bay. It’s a safe, all-natural method of keeping a dog secure from these unwanted visitors.

It’s important to note that these benefits are seen when peppermint oil is used correctly – that is, diluted appropriately and applied safely

Using Peppermint Oil Safely

The golden rule with peppermint oil for dogs is dilution.  Never apply undiluted peppermint oil directly to a dog’s skin. It burns or irritates the skin since it is just too powerful. Think of it like hot sauce – a tiny bit adds flavor, but too much is overwhelming!

Topical Use

For topical use, always dilute peppermint oil in a carrier oil like coconut oil or olive oil. These carrier oils serve to “carry” the peppermint oil and distribute it fairly, therefore avoiding its too-strong effects on the dog’s skin. A general guideline is to use 0.5% to 2% peppermint oil in 98% to 99.5% carrier oil (Groot, A., & Schmidt, E., 2016).

Before applying it all over, always do a patch test first to check for any skin sensitivity. Apply a small amount of the diluted oil to a small area of the dog’s skin and wait 24 hours to see if there’s any redness, itching, or irritation.

Aromatherapy

Use an aromatherapy diffuser in a well-ventilated space where dogs readily escape if they become overstimulated by the smell. Remember, their sense of smell is much stronger than humans’! Start with just 1-2 drops of peppermint oil and observe the dog’s reaction. Turn off the diffuser if they appear uneasy or attempt to exit the room.

Internal Use

Avoid giving the dog peppermint oil orally unless under the explicit guidance of a holistic veterinarian. They advise on safe dosages and potential interactions with any medications a dog is taking. Some digestive problems benefit from internal usage of peppermint oil but it’s important to get the amount correct.

Choosing the Right Peppermint Oil

Just like choosing the right food or toys for dogs, selecting a high-quality peppermint oil is essential. To be sure dog parents are obtaining a safe and useful product for a pet, check the pointers below. 

Purity is Key

Look for products that are pure and unadulterated. This means the oil should contain only peppermint essential oil, with no added fragrances, chemicals, or fillers. Examine the label for terms such as “100% pure essential oil.”

Why is purity so important? Well, those extra additives are potentially harmful to dogs, especially if they lick or ingest the oil. Plus, pure essential oils are generally more potent and effective.

Clear Labeling Matters

Pay attention to how the product is labeled. Seek information regarding the plant’s origin and the method of extraction. Knowing where the oil comes from and how it was made helps parents assess its quality.

For example, oils extracted using steam distillation are generally considered higher quality than those extracted using chemical solvents. Furthermore, understanding the country of origin helps pet parents understand the quality requirements and conditions.

Third-Party Testing 

Reputable brands often have their oils tested by independent labs to ensure quality and purity. This is called third-party testing, and it’s a great way to get extra assurance that buyers are getting a safe and effective product.

These labs check for purity, potency, and the existence of any contaminants. Look for brands that readily provide these test results, often called a Certificate of Analysis (COA).

FAQs about Peppermint Oil for Dogs

Do Dogs Like the Smell of Peppermint?

Some dogs enjoy the minty scent, while others find it overwhelming. Always observe the dog’s reaction and ensure they are comfortable with the scent before using it.

How Much Peppermint Oil Is Toxic to Dogs?

Even small amounts of undiluted peppermint oil are harmful if ingested. Always dilute peppermint oil properly and store it out of reach of dogs.

Can Dogs Have Peppermint Tea or Candy?

No. Peppermint tea and candy often contain other ingredients that are toxic to dogs, like xylitol (an artificial sweetener) or chocolate.

Is Peppermint Oil Safe for Puppies?

Puppies are more sensitive than adult dogs, so it’s best to avoid using peppermint oil on them altogether.

What Should I Do If My Dog Ingests Undiluted Peppermint Oil?

Contact the dog’s veterinarian or a pet poison control center immediately. Do not try to induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a professional.

Can Peppermint Oil Be Used for Flea Control?

Yes, diluted peppermint oil is used as a natural flea repellent. Add a few drops to the dog’s shampoo or make a DIY spray with water and carrier oil.

Conclusion

Peppermint oil is a helpful tool for supporting the dog’s well-being, but it’s crucial to use it responsibly. By understanding the potential risks and benefits, and following safe practices, pet parents harness the power of peppermint oil while keeping their furry friends safe.

Remember, when in doubt, always consult the pet’s veterinarian. They offer personalized advice based on the dog’s individual needs and health conditions. With a little knowledge and care, pet parents create a happy and healthy life for their canine companions.

References

• Beigi, M., Torki-Harchegani, M., & Pirbalouti, A. (2018). Quantity and chemical composition of essential oil of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) leaves under different drying methods. International Journal of Food Properties, 21, 267 – 276. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2018.1453839.
• Benelli, G., & Pavela, R. (2018). Repellence of essential oils and selected compounds against ticks-A systematic review.. Acta tropica, 179, 47-54 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.025.
• Brierley, S., & Kelber, O. (2011). Use of natural products in gastrointestinal therapies. Current opinion in pharmacology, 11 6, 604-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2011.09.007.
• Ertürk, N., & Taşcı, S. (2020). The Effects of Peppermint Oil on Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: An Open Label Quasi-Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.. Complementary therapies in medicine, 56, 102587 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102587.
• Groot, A., & Schmidt, E. (2016). Essential Oils, Part V: Peppermint Oil, Lavender Oil, and Lemongrass Oil.. Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug, 27 6, 325-332 . https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000218.
• Herro, E., & Jacob, S. (2010). Mentha piperita (peppermint). Dermatitis: contact, atopic, occupational, drug, 21 6, 327-9. https://doi.org/10.2310/6620.2011.10080.
• Kokocińska, A., Woszczyło, M., Sampino, S., Dzięcioł, M., Zybała, M., Szczuka, A., Korczyńska, J., & Rozempolska-Rucińska, I. (2022). Canine Smell Preferences—Do Dogs Have Their Favorite Scents? Animals: an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121488.
• Nath, S., Pandey, C., & Roy, D. (2012). A near fatal case of high dose peppermint oil ingestion- Lessons learnt. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 56, 582 – 584. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5049.104585.
• Schmidt, E., Bail, S., Buchbauer, G., Stoilova, I., Atanasova, T., Stoyanova, A., Krastanov, A., & Jirovetz, L. (2009). Chemical Composition, Olfactory Evaluation and Antioxidant Effects of Essential Oil from Mentha x piperita. Natural Product Communications, 4. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400819.
• Şen, P., Bolouri, P., & Şahin, F. (2023). Improvement of in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities of peppermint essential oil conjugated with chitosan and promising antiviral properties. Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1311200.
• Vaughn, D., Kulpa, J., & Paulionis, L. (2020). Preliminary Investigation of the Safety of Escalating Cannabinoid Doses in Healthy Dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00051.
• Wu, J., Xiang, B., & Li, K. (2010). Bioequivalence evaluation of menthol after oral administration of peppermint oil soft capsules in dogs. Arzneimittelforschung, 60, 479 – 482. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1296315.